SAT備考 | SAT文法知識點第28期

一、標點符號

1.含義：

句中的標點符號使用要規范。

2.類型：

（1）破折號和冒號符號

3. 用法

破折號

（1）表示停頓并強調破折號后面內容，但不能分隔句子。

例句1: The students seem happy enough with the new plan, but the alumni — there was the problem.

解析：本句是有but引導的轉折句，alumni后的破折號只表示停頓。

（2）雙進雙出：強調插入成分，往往與前面的名詞內容重復

例句2: It will prevent corporations — large and small — from buying influence with campaign contributions.

解析：本句的large and small由雙破折號連接，表示大小公司，與前面corporation內容重復。

冒號

（1）連接兩個獨立句。

①獨立句：簡單句或主從句，不能只是從句。

例如1: Tom is a student: he studies SAT.

解析：本句中冒號分隔兩個簡單句，第二個句子解釋說明SAT。

例如2: Tom is a student who studies SAT: it is one of the standard tests.

解析：本句中由冒號分隔主從句和簡單句，第二個句子解釋說明SAT。

（2）后加短語，表示解釋說明，冒號之前必須是句子。

例如3: Tom who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world. ?

解析：本句冒號前只有Tom和who從句，主句沒有謂語動詞，所以錯誤，改為例句4.

例如4: Tom is a student who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world.

題目檢測

題目檢測 1

Qatar has spent over 200 billion dollars on constructions of FIFA World Cup 2022 to build fantastic skyscrapers, but the Labor Union said there were labor abuse problems - unlawful detention.

A. NO CHANGE

B. ,unlawful detention 

C. unlawful detention 

D. ,unlawful, detention 

解析：通過破折號看出是標點符號的考點，根據“表示停頓并強調破折號后面內容”的原則，排除B和C項；而D項中unlawful不是problems的插入語，用法錯誤，所以排除含有冒號的D項，所以選A。

題目檢測2

Peter Watson a talented artist, makes sketches for his next painting.

A. NO CHANGE

B. ,a talented artist 

C. -a talented artist- 

D. a talented artist: 

解析：通過破折號看出是標點符號的考點，根據“主謂之間不能用標點隔開”的原則，排除A/B/D項；又根據“雙進雙出”的原則，本句中a talented artist是Peter Watson的插入語并修飾PW這個人，所以選C。

題目檢測3

China, one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved their goals one by one because they followed their 5-year plans , this pattern is adopted by many developing countries in Africa.

A. NO CHANGE

B. , this pattern,

C. : this pattern 

D. -this pattern

解析：通過逗號看出是標點符號的考點，主謂之間不能用標點隔開”的原則，排除A/B；又根據“破折號不能分隔句子”的原則，排除D項；而C項冒號后一句解釋說明前一句的5年計劃，所以選C。

題目檢測4

After lost the quarter game of FIFA World Cup 2022, all players of Netherlands felt sad about their journeys on this game: a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world.

A. NO CHANGE

B. ; a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world 

C. , a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world

D. . A single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world

解析：通過冒號看出是標點符號的考點，根據“句號和分號都可以分隔兩個獨立句”的原則，a single game后面只有which從句，而沒有主句，所以不是獨立句，所以排除B和D項；又根據“逗號不能分隔獨立句”的原則，排除C項；再根據“后加短語，表示解釋說明，冒號之前必須是句子”的原則，a single game+which從句解釋說明前面的game，而game前面是獨立句，所以選A。